Habitat loss and degradation:Harbor seals rely on coastal habitats, including estuaries, bays, and rocky shores for breeding, pupping, and feeding. Human activities such as coastal development, dredging, and pollution have led to the degradation and fragmentation of these habitats, reducing the available space and resources for harbor seals.
Lov in branje:Pristanišča so zgodovinsko lovili za svoje krzno, meso in mehurček. Despite regulations in many countries, illegal hunting and bycatch in fishing operations still occur, posing a threat to harbor seal populations.
Climate change:Rising sea levels, changes in ocean currents, and reduced sea ice due to climate change can disrupt harbor seal habitats, food availability, and pupping sites. To lahko privede do upada prebivalstva, zlasti na območjih, ki že doživljajo okoljski stres.
Disease:Harbor seals are susceptible to various diseases and parasites, including canine distemper virus, phocine distemper virus, and bacterial infections. Izbruhi bolezni lahko povzročijo visoko stopnjo umrljivosti, zlasti med mladimi mladiči, kar vodi do upada populacije.
Konkurenca in plenjenje:pristaniški tjulnji tekmujejo z drugimi morskimi sesalci in ribjimi vrstami za prehranske vire. In some areas, they may also be preyed upon by sharks, killer whales, and other predators, contributing to population control and potential threats.
Human disturbance:Increased human activities in coastal areas, such as boating, tourism, and noise pollution, can disturb harbor seals and disrupt their natural behaviors, including feeding, breeding, and resting. To lahko negativno vpliva na njihov preživetje in reproduktivni uspeh.